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Yuri Gagarin

Born: 9 March 1934
Birth Place: Klushino, Smolensk Province, Russia
Death: 27 March 1968
Nationality: Russian

Yuri Gagarin was born in the village of Klushino, some 161 km West of Moscow, situated near the town of Gzhatsk (now named Gagarin in his honour). His father was a collective farmer and his mother a dairymaid. He started school in Gzhatsk but his studies were interrupted by the 1941 Nazi invasion of Russia. The Gagarin house was occupied, and family had to live in a dug-out.

When he was fifteen he became an apprentice foundryman in an agricultural machinery plant at Lyubertsky outside Moscow. At the same time he enrolled in evening school. In 1951 he transferred to the Saratov Industrial Technical School. He graduated with honours as a foundryman-technician in 1955. In that same year he joined the Saratov Flying Club and earned his wings.

He decided not to take up his career as a foundryman but rather to become a pilot. He spent the summer learning to fly the Yak-18 before enrolling as a cadet at the Orenburg Pilot Training School. He graduated from there two years later. He immediately joined the Soviet Air Force as a fighter pilot.

Gagarin was not tall and his lack of height caused him some problems when he was assigned to MiG fighters; he had to resort to a cushion to raise himself slightly. In 1957 he was promoted to Lieutenant.

In late 1959 he applied to join the Soviet cosmonaut training programme. On his 26th birthday he was transferred to the cosmonaut team. He was selected to be the first man in space.

On 12 April 1961 Vostok I with Gagarin on board was blasted into space. He made a single revolution of the Earth before returning after a flight that lasted one hour and forty-eight minutes. Upon his return he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union and received the Order of Lenin. These were the first of many awards he received during a series of world tours.

In later years Gagarin served as an instructor to the other cosmonauts, and became the official deputy to Lieutenant-General Nikolai Kamanin, the chief of the Soviet space programme commission. In 1963 he became Commander of the Cosmonaut Detachment. He was also made responsible for all projects connected with lunar exploration. He often said that he would make other space flights and his responsibility for the Soviet moon programme convinced many people that he was been prepared for this mission – Soyuz 3.

By August 1966 he was back in the active space programme again following his appointment as back-up to Vladimir Komarov, the Soyuz 1 pilot. Sadly the Soviet space programme suffered a major reverse when Komarov was killed during the return to Earth.

Colonel Gagarin died on 27 March 1968 when the MiG-15 he was piloting crashed near Moscow.

 

Quotes

When I orbited the Earth in a spaceship, I saw for the first time how beautiful our planet is. Mankind, let us preserve and increase this beauty, and not destroy it!

I could have gone on flying through space forever.

The spaceship put in orbit, and the carrier-rocket separated, weightlessness set in. At first the sensation was to some extent unusual, but I soon adapted myself... I maintained continuous communication with Earth on different channels by telephone and telegraph.

I see Earth! It is so beautiful!

On the 12th of April, 1961, the Soviet spaceship-sputnik was put in orbit around the Earth with me on board... there was a good view of the Earth, which had a very distinct and pretty blue halo. It had a smooth transition from pale blue, blue, dark blue, violet and absolutely black. It was a magnificent picture.

Source:nationalcoldwarexhibition

 

The Jan Lokpal Bill

The Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizen's ombudsman Bill) is a draft anti-corruption bill drawn up by prominent civil society activists seeking the appointment of a Jan Lokpal, an independent body  that would investigate corruption cases, complete the investigation within a year and envisages trial in the case getting over in the next one year.

Salient features of Jan Lokpal Bill

1.    An institution called LOKPAL at the centre and LOKAYUKTA in each state will be set up.

2.    Like Supreme Court and Election Commission, they will be completely independent of the governments. No minister or bureaucrat will be able to influence their investigations.

3.    Cases against corrupt people will not linger on for years anymore: Investigations in any case will have to be completed in one year. Trial should be completed in next one year so that the corrupt politician, officer or judge is sent to jail within two years.

4.    The loss that a corrupt person caused to the government will be recovered at the time of conviction.

5.    How will it help a common citizen: If any work of any citizen is not done in prescribed time in any government office, Lokpal will impose financial penalty on guilty officers, which will be given as compensation to the complainant.

6.    So, you could approach Lokpal if your ration card or passport or voter card is not being made or if police is not registering your case or any other work is not being done in prescribed time. Lokpal will have to get it done in a month’s time. You could also report any case of corruption to Lokpal like ration being siphoned off, poor quality roads been constructed or panchayat funds being siphoned off. Lokpal will have to complete its investigations in a year, trial will be over in next one year and the guilty will go to jail within two years.

7.    But won’t the government appoint corrupt and weak people as Lokpal members? That won’t be possible because its members will be selected by judges, citizens and constitutional authorities and not by politicians, through a completely transparent and participatory process.

8.    What if some officer in Lokpal becomes corrupt? The entire functioning of Lokpal/ Lokayukta will be completely transparent. Any complaint against any officer of Lokpal shall be investigated and the officer dismissed within two months.

9.    What will happen to existing anti-corruption agencies? CVC, departmental vigilance and anti-corruption branch of CBI will be merged into Lokpal. Lokpal will have complete powers and machinery to independently investigate and prosecute any officer, judge or politician.

10.    It will be the duty of the Lokpal to provide protection to those who are being victimized for raising their voice against corruption.  

Source: http://indiaagainstcorruption.org/